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Epilepsy in history:

Publié par happy-diet mardi 11 mai 2010



Epilepsy in history:

Is epilepsy, one of the oldest diseases known to humanity, was launched by the old "disease," the Holy, and surrounded by myths various attributed to the anger of the gods, and it was months stated that he infected with the disease, "Cambyses" king of Persia, and perhaps Hippocrates (350 BC), Abu Medicine is the first disarmament Epilepsy sacredness, it was stated that like any other disease other diseases it causes, characteristics and medical treatment.
What is epilepsy?



Epilepsy is defined as the turmoil and ill in the performance of the brain in particular and the nervous system in general in the natural state of the brain is electrical energy produced by the brain cells and transported through the nervous system Vtaathrk muscle in the case of illness, the patient's brain fails to control that power produces cells with a surge and violent than those electrical energy, causing what is known as (seizure).
The difference between an epileptic seizure and other seizures:

When a person has a heart, this is not necessarily mean that the person has epilepsy. Valenobp can affect any person under certain circumstances such as high temperature or drought or exposure to severe head injury or lack of oxygen, a so-called pocket-epileptic false. But when the recurrence of such attacks for reasons not clear in this case we can say that the person has epilepsy.


The causes of Epilepsy:
Any problem without prejudice to the normal pattern of brain activity can lead to epilepsy.
Can be caused by illness, Outlv in the brain, or abnormal growth of the brain. Can not determine the reason for nearly three-quarters of cases of epilepsy.
Epilepsy has many causes associated with certain conditions may be difficult to determine why a particular type of epilepsy, partly because of the same brain chemistry, genetic, or other disorders, environmental causes, or due to injuries, pregnancy and childbirth,

Brain chemistry:
* Epilepsy may occur due to an imbalance in brain chemicals that help nerve cells on the transfer of electrical impulses. The chemicals are called neurotransmitters. Has reason to increase either the receiver or the lack of nerve, the answer to lead induce nervousness, and lack of inhibition lead to a nervous breakdown.
* It was found that increasing the concentration of glutamic Awalglutamat in nervous tissue, and lack of activity of the mediator (GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid Iwhban to an epilepsy. Acid Gaba slows down nerve impulses between nerves and was the mediator inhibitor in the brain until the end of the bulb, there are compounds such as valproate and barbiturates working on increase the activity of the mediator GABA leading to a decrease

Muscular convulsions.
* Epilepsy may be due to changes in brain cells called glia. Glia organization concentrations of chemicals in the brain that can change the method of sending the nerve cells.
* Research has shown that the cell membrane that surrounds each neuron plays an important role in epilepsy. Because these membranes generate electrical impulses. For this reason, researchers are studying the details of the membrane, and how to move in and out of the membrane, and how fuel cells and prospects for reform of the membrane.

Genetic factors:
* Spread cases of epilepsy in some families and the reason is due to the abnormal state of a particular gene.
Disorders:
There is turmoil Trthur the brain leading to epilepsy. In this case can treat epilepsy treatment of those disorders can not stop cases of epilepsy. This depends on the type of turmoil and the size of the damage caused. And strikes that may lead to epilepsy include the following:
Brain tumors, cerebral palsy, metabolic disorders, and severe injuries to the head, and Alzheimer's disease can cause epilepsy because it changes the nature of the work of the brain.
Stroke and heart attacks, and other conditions that affect the blood supply to the brain (cerebrovascular disease) can cause epilepsy by depriving the brain of oxygen. About one third of new cases of epilepsy appear in be caused by cerebrovascular diseases.
Infectious diseases such as meningitis and viral encephalitis, AIDS, lack of blood sugar, calcium, vitamin B6, can cause epilepsy. Autism, and the development of some psychological problems caused epilepsy as well.

Sudden deprivation of some pharmaceutical compounds cause convulsions muscle such as: alcohol, barbiturates, morphine, cocaine and a so-called weaning alcohol or morphine

Injuries, pregnancy and childbirth:

* In the fetus is brain development before birth prone to injuries that may occur if the mother is pregnant does not erode correctly or smoke or use drugs or alcohol, because epilepsy is linked to areas in the brain, If the neurons have evolved incorrectly during pregnancy may cause cerebral palsy lead to epilepsy.
* During the birth of the newborn may experience compression of the skull bones due to lack of the pelvis of the mother leading to lack of oxygen,

Environmental causes:

Epilepsy may be due to:
1) environmental and occupation, which requires exposure to lead, carbon monoxide, and some chemicals
2) the use of drugs and alcohol in the streets
3) lack of sleep, or hormonal changes, for this reason, people with epilepsy should be sure to get enough sleep, and we must try to stay on a regular schedule to the maximum extent possible.
4) leave some drugs for depression, anxiety and drug control.
What is the Aura or aura (Aura):
Signs are felt by the injured person, such as being fit as a change in body temperature or taste or a strange smell and feelings of other internal source. These signs vary from person to person. It is a warning sign of imminent occurrence of heart. Aura may occur without accompanying seizures or aura can be considered the same simple partial seizure.

Types of epilepsy:

List of types of epileptic seizures

Partial seizures: Partial seizures
- Simple partial seizures with Aden Simple partial loss of consciousness.
- Complex partial seizures: Complex partial with no change in awareness and psychiatric disorder in motion.
- Bouts of partial seizures convulsions ending general Generalized seizures
Bouts of public college Primary generalized seizures: -
- Absence seizures Absence short seconds (small heart).
- Alinvdp Myoclonic muscle in a part of the muscles of the body or extremities.
- Seismic shifts Clonic.
- Bouts of tensile Tonic.
- Shifts great (convulsions tensile - seismic) Tonic - Clonic a traditional type, which represents 60% of epileptic seizures convulsions.



What is the partial seizure?
Also known as Nubia focal and occurs only for part of the brain
Simple partial seizure:
Here, in case the patient feels Bartajafat and sudden movements of one of his body parts and there may be weakness in the sight and hearing to the patient, but consciousness is not affected.
Complex partial seizure:
Characterized by the patient in this case, the behavior of non-specific and random Khd clothing and Mumbling movements and other non-balanced and also features a low level of awareness in the patient and therefore do not remember a seizure after the demise thereof, or reminder that it is not clear.
Nubia Assembly:

This shift to all parts of the brain where the patient loses consciousness completely.

Treatment of epilepsy drugs:

Called a medicine used for epilepsy drug-resistant epilepsy (Anti-Epileptic Drugs) are to reduce epileptic seizures and prevention if the patient is to take them regularly. Patient and is thus able to continue his life normally and properly without worry of suffering a heart while doing any work practice sports. But there is no cure for epilepsy completely.

Mechanism of action of these drugs:

The drug-resistant epileptic seizures stop by controlling the vacuum supply to brain cells.
Possible classification of drug-resistant epilepsy as a mechanism of their action:
1) drugs which prolong the period of inactivity, unemployment of sodium channels:
The mechanism works by prolonging the period of lethargy and disobedience and thus the length of stay Atap sodium channels are closed and thus inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses that accompany high frequency of epilepsy.

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