TAMANU or TEMANU
Calophylla Calophyllum inophyllum
CLUSIASEAE
Equatorial-tropical plants, the Clusiaceae are mostly trees or shrubs, sometimes epiphytic, "strangling" their support and developing aerial roots (genus Clusia);
mostly large trees in the rainforest, coastal wetlands or coral beaches;
These include: american Mammea (apricot American countries),
Calophyllum brasiliense
(As a huge hollow trunk is large canoes, Amazon and Guiana regions),
Garcinia mangostana
(giving the mangosteens, delicious fruit native to tropical Asia).
Most Clusiaceae secrete latex exudates (they were called formerly guttiferous), some are toxic (poisonous arrows in South America), many are medicinal, but few have actually been studied or evaluated therapeutic, despite their use traditional medicine.
Examples include: Vismia cayennensis: the wood herpes Guiana
(various dermatoses, canker leshmanioses)
Symphonia globulifera Mani Guyana
(healing but powerful anticoagulant)
Rheedia sp. :
resin plaster to treat muscle strain in Indian Palikours of Guyana.
The Tamanu (Polynesian vernacular name that appears adopted by many to describe Calophyllum inophyllum) is a large tree native to tropical Asia.
It is widespread in India, south-east Asia, south Pacific islands and the Indian Ocean.
It is found both on the coast and on the lower slopes of mountains.
Its trunk is thick, very cracked, rather dark, leaves large enough (15 to 20 cm by 8-10 cm) are coriaceous and glossy wavy margin, white flowers give off a pleasant fragrance.
Fruit, rather numerous, often in clusters, drupes are spherical or slightly ovoid 30 to 40 mm in diameter;
pulp and edible thin (green or yellow) covers a nut shell that contains a thin almond (creamy yellow) which is clearly distinguished the two cotyledons.
The Tamanu tree was a sacred in Polynesia, it is planted in the precincts of "marae" (sacred places), it was a tree rigorously "tabu" therefore unusable by ordinary mortals, the wood could be used to carving idols of "tiki".
With this protection, Tamanu have become very numerous in all the islands where the Polynesian navigators planted in Tahiti they made magnificent forests. Then came the conversion to Christianity of Polynesians, falling idols and intensive exploitation of these trees to the timber estimated by carpenters, builders of all kinds, and more recently the Polynesian sculptors. Large Tamanu are now rare in Tahiti.
COMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The kernel of Tamanu contains little fresh oil extracting, by cons, after prolonged drying and ripening seeds, it can extract a heavy oil (50 to 60% dry weight) of yellow color green to dark green and d 'slightly aromatic odor.
It includes:
* Pigments flavonoids (see glossary)
* Derivatives of coumarin (see glossary): calophylollide and inophylollide
* Terpenoids (see glossary) that give it flavor
* Triacylglyrérols of which the fatty acid composition is as follows:
oleic acid 49%
linoleic acid 21%
palmitic acid 15%
stearic acid 13%
eicosanoic acid 1.7%
linolenic acid 0.3%
The unrefined oil is similar to some authors balm (but the term is a misnomer), for others it is simply an aromatic fatty oil.
He recognizes many medicinal properties:
* An anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic effect healing by direct and indirect stimulation of the phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system (macrophages).
* Power analgesic and anti-neuralgic (see glossary) by local oil and deep intramuscular injection of ethyl esters of the oil
* A protective power of the blood vascular system (especially veins and capillaries)
* An anti-rheumatic through local and may be oral.
Tamanu oil is slightly rubefacients, it gives a sensation of warmth or slight inflammation after application to sensitive skin, children, on the face.
The Tamanu also secretes more or less spontaneously resin green that appears in the bark crevices but for which I have found no pharmacological information.
USES
Tamanu oil can give excellent results:
in local applications on:
* Atonic wounds of trophic origin: wounds, varicose ulcers among bedridden, tropical ulcers, pressure ulcers secondary to arteritic disorders, trophic disorders in diabetics,
* Burns they are not infected by caustic, boiling water, gas
inflamed; Tamanu oil also calm the painful component of these burns
* The "Sunburn" with prudence and by mixing this oil with other example: 90% coconut oil, 10% oil of Tamanu
* Some oozing eczema when the allergic component is not important
* Anal fissures, thrombosed hemorrhoids, healing effects and anti-inflammatory in addition to a mild anticoagulant that can prevent further thrombosis
* A variety of dermatoses: herpes, rashes, insect bites with pruritic excoriations.
by friction or massage:
* Painful joints
* Tendonitis, sprains, muscle pain (myositis, hamstring)
* Perhaps to mitigate the effects of Dupuytren's disease (check)
Some therapists advocate limited to 10-20% the amount of Tamanu oil in massage oil or liniment and avoid its use in children and pregnant women.
Other uses older, inaccurate or unverified information:
* Deep intramuscular injections, the ethyl esters of the oil to relieve pain in certain sensitive leper (in years 30-40 in Fiji)
* Orally as healing gastric and analgesic, anti-inflammatory (see glossary) in osteoarthritis pain and neuralgia.
It is quite easy on the international crude oil Tamanu that can be used as such or diluted in other oils, medicinal or cosmetic.
Beware, the medicinal powers of Tamanu oil is greatly reduced (especially the ability to regenerate tissue) when the oil is purified (without resin), then it is colorless or pale yellow with no smell aromatic.
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