IBMTR -
Noun: Abbreviation for International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry.
IDIOPATHIC -
Adjective: of or having to do with a disease that was not caused or preceded by any other. Self originated; applied to a condition where the cause is not known. 50% of the cases of Aplastic Anaemia are idiopathic. We don't know what caused it.
- Greek - idios = individual +
- Greek - páthos = a suffering, a disease
Ig -
Noun: An abbreviation for immunoglobulin .
IL-3 -
Noun: An abbreviation for interleukin - 3 which is a cytokyne secreted especially by T cells to communicate with the stem cells to get them to multiply and to produce the various blood cells. It would be secreted if there was an micro-organism invasion and more cells were needed. For this reason IL-3 is called a colony stimulating factor .
ILIAC CREST -
Noun: The edge of the hip bone. The iliac is the upper part of the hip bone. The bone marrow aspirate , trephine and graft transplant are all taken from the iliac.
Latin - ilium = hipbone
IMMUNE SYSTEM -
Noun: A collection of cells and proteins that work to protect the body from potentially harmful, infectious micro-organisms (microscopic life-forms), such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The immune system also plays a role in the control of cancer and is responsible for the phenomena of allergy, hypersensitivity, and rejection problems after transplants.
The immune system has the skin as it's first line of defence but if micro-organisms penetrate it through cuts or the mucous membrane linings of the mouth, throat, eyes, intestines, etc. they soon encounter white blood cells called phagocytes (literally, "devouring cells"), which attempt to destroy them. They also encounter other types of white cells, called the Lymphocytes which are the most competent and versatile group of cells for getting rid of "unwanted guests".
- Latin - in = not +
- Latin - munis = obliging
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED -
Noun: A condition in which the immune system is not functioning normally. It occurs during immunosuppressive therapy and in bone marrow transplants. The immune system is weak or not functioning at all when it is immunocompromised.
- Latin - in = not +
- Latin - munis = obliging +
- Latin - promittere = promise
IMMUNOGLOBULIN -
Noun: Antibodies are often referred to as immunoglobulins. The infecting agents, or antigens are presented to the B lymphocytes by the T lymphocytes , prompting the B cells to mature and produce one of five antibody patterns: Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, IgM, IgD or IgE.
IgG is the most abundant antibody, making up 75 percent of all those in blood plasma . It is most active in the blood, lymph and intestines. Neutrophils and macrophages have receptor sites for the IgG antibody and so can attach and eat the antibody and its captives when it is ready.
IgG is required by cells which are active in destroying cancer cells, although, unfortunately, the same cells are also involved in transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases.
IgA is an antibody found in the blood serum and in the mucous secretions of the respiratory, urinary, and intestinal organs where exposure to foreign substances is common. It defends the body against micro-organisms by combining with a protein in the mucous. People who suffer from food allergy problems probably have a malfunctioning IgA; they become oversensitive to certain foods which, in any other person, would not be harmful.
IgM is the largest and most primitive immunoglobulin. Its size makes it useful for picking up lots of small antigens, which it can manage 10 at a time. It is particularly important early on in any immune response.
IgD is found in blood serum in small amounts but increases during allergic reactions.
IgE is attracted to cells involved in allergic response and basophils. It is found primarily in the lungs, skin and mucous membranes. It is associated with all forms of allergy, including hayfever, asthma, hives, itching, etc. People who suffer from allergies usually make too much IgE.
- Latin - in = not +
- Latin - munis = obliging +
- Latin - globulus = globe (as in anything rounded like a globe)
IMMUNOSUPPRESS -
Verb: To use drugs or radiation to suppress the immunological reaction of the body to foreign substances, and to prevent the rejection of grafts or transplants by the recipient's body.
- Latin - in = not +
- Latin - munis = obliging +
- Latin - sub = down +
- Latin - premere = to press
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS -
Noun: Various drugs which suppress or destroy the bodies immune system . With AA and MDS and bone marrow transplants, common immunosuppressive drugs are ALG / ATG , Cyclosporine and Cyclophosphamide . These particularly kill off the white cells and lymphocytes.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY -
Noun: The handling of Aplastic Anaemia with the use of the above mentioned drugs. It is considered standard initial treatment for patients over thirty years of age and for younger patients without a matched family donor. Response rates are 70% - 80%. The treatment is generally tolerated well and usually requires only brief hospitalisation. However, responses are less complete and the need to repeat treatment is more common than in patients treated with bone marrow transplantation. Also, the risks of developing leukaemia or MDS or PNH later in life are higher.
INCAPACITY BENEFIT -
Noun: If you are not able to work due to illness, you should be entitled to this benefit. See Disability Benefit .
INTERFERON -
Noun: A protein produced by cells infected by a virus, which inhibits the multiplication of the invading viruses. It protects similar cells for several days from infection by the same or other viruses. Some forms of interferon inhibit viral replication and suppress cell proliferation while other forms of interferon activate macrophages and killer T cells . It is also secreted by the T-cells and all other leukocytes to communicate with one another. Interferon is released by T-cells and macrophages to guide Natural Killer cells to a target site.
- Latin - inter = between +
- Latin - ferir = strike
INTERLEUKIN -
Noun: One of several cytokines (hormone like proteins secreted by cells to regulate and communicate with other cells nearby) that act between leukocytes . There are eight interleukins currently recognised, and some are involved in functions such as the recognition of antigens , enhancing the action of macrophages and the production of other cytokines.
Another example is interleukin 2, which promotes the production of a type of interferon which is used in the treatment of skin cancer. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is also secreted by Helper T-cells to authorise killer T-cells to attack an invader in the immediate vicinity.
- Latin - inter = between +
- Greek - leukós = white
INTRAVENOUS -
Adjective: Of, for, or into a vein or veins such as an intravenous injection.
- Latin - intra = inside of +
- Latin - vena = vein
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